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Common causes and countermeasures for valve leakage in water treatment systems

2024-09-29

What is a water treatment system?

Water treatment system is a comprehensive system of equipment and technology used to purify, treat and manage water resources. It is designed to remove pollutants in water and ensure that water quality reaches specific standards, thereby providing safe and clean water sources for industry, agriculture and domestic water.

Water treatment systems are widely used in various scenarios, including drinking water treatment, sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, and seawater desalination. The main goal of a water treatment system is to remove solid particles, harmful chemicals and microorganisms from water through physical, chemical or biological methods.

Components of water treatment systems

A typical water treatment system usually includes the following core components:

1. Pretreatment unit: Including grilles, screens and other equipment, mainly used to remove larger solid particles and floating objects in the water.

2. Chemical treatment unit: Such as the addition of coagulants and disinfectants to help remove suspended solids, colloids and microorganisms.

3. Biological treatment unit: Decomposes organic matter through microorganisms and is often used in sewage and wastewater treatment.

4. Filtration and sedimentation equipment: Separate suspended solids, colloids and particulate matter in water through physical filtration or sedimentation.

5. Disinfection device: Make sure there are no harmful microorganisms in the water by adding chlorine, ozone or ultraviolet sterilization.

Among them, the valves of the water treatment system play a vital role in every link. They control the flow of water, regulate pressure, prevent water from flowing back, and ensure the normal operation of the system.

What are the commonly used valves in water treatment systems and what roles do they play?

In water treatment systems, valves are used to control the flow direction of water, adjust water flow and pressure, and avoid water backflow. There are many types of valves commonly used, and each valve has a different role in the water treatment system.

Gate valve

Function: The gate valve is a cut-off valve, mainly used to switch the flow of water in the pipeline. It switches the water flow on and off by lifting or lowering a wedge-shaped gate and is hardly used to regulate the water flow.

Features: The gate valve has good sealing performance and minimal fluid resistance when fully opened or closed, so it is suitable for systems that need to be fully opened or closed, such as water inlet pipes and drainage pipes.

Disadvantages: Gate valves are not suitable for frequent operation and cannot accurately control water flow.

Ball valve

Function: The ball valve controls the flow of water by rotating a ball with an opening. Ball valves are simple to operate and are suitable for occasions that require quick opening and closing.

Features: The ball valve has good sealing performance and fast switching speed, making it suitable for places that require emergency shutdown.

Disadvantages: The structure is complex and suitable for small and medium-diameter pipes. The aging of the seals may occur after long-term use.

Butterfly valve

Function: The butterfly valve uses a butterfly-shaped disc to control the size of the water flow through rotation. It is often used to regulate large flow water treatment systems.

Features: Butterfly valves have simple structure, small size and light weight, and are suitable for installation in pipelines with limited space, especially in large-diameter pipelines.

Disadvantages: Poor sealing at low flow rates, not suitable for high-precision flow control.

Globe valve

Function: The stop valve is used to regulate and control water flow, and achieve precise flow control by changing the position of the valve core.

Features: Stop valves are suitable for occasions requiring flow adjustment, especially commonly used in chemical treatment systems. Its design results in greater fluid resistance, so it is mostly used in small-diameter pipelines.

Disadvantages: The sealing surface is easy to wear and opens and closes slowly.

Check valve

Function: The check valve is an automatic valve used to prevent the backflow of water and protect the equipment from backflow damage.

Features: Check valves are widely used in water pump outlets and sewage treatment systems to ensure that fluids can only flow in the set direction.

Disadvantages: Under low pressure conditions, water hammer may occur, affecting system stability.

Pressure reducing valve

Function: The pressure reducing valve is used to control and stabilize the water pressure in the pipeline to prevent equipment in the system from being damaged due to excessive water pressure.

Features: Widely used in water supply systems to ensure that downstream water pipes and equipment operate under reasonable water pressure.

Disadvantages: If not maintained regularly, it can easily lead to unstable pressure.

Safety valve

Function: The safety valve is a valve that prevents excessive pressure in the system. When the water pressure in the pipeline exceeds the set value, the safety valve will automatically open to discharge the water flow, reduce the pressure in the pipeline, and protect the safety of the system.

Features: Often used in situations where the pressure is too high to ensure the safe operation of the system.

Disadvantages: If not maintained in time, it may fail and cause the system pressure to lose control.

How to correctly choose valves for water treatment systems?

Choosing the right valves in a water treatment system is key to ensuring safe and efficient operation of the system. The selection of valves needs to be considered based on the requirements of the water treatment process and the operating environment of the system.

The following are several key points for valve selection in terms of materials, sealing methods, etc.:

1. Select valves based on material

When selecting the material of the valve, the specific environment of water treatment, such as the temperature and chemical properties of the water, should be considered. Common valve materials include:

Stainless steel: Suitable for most water treatment conditions, with excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. Especially when processing wastewater containing acid and alkali substances, stainless steel valves are the best choice.

Cast iron: widely used in low-pressure pipelines in water treatment systems, the price is relatively low, but the corrosion resistance is poor, and it is suitable for non-corrosive media.

Plastic material: suitable for low-pressure, non-corrosive or weakly corrosive media, such as industrial water or light sewage treatment systems.

2. Selection of sealing method

The sealing performance of a valve directly affects its ability to prevent leakage. Different sealing methods are suitable for different water treatment environments:

Soft seal: The sealing surface material of soft seal valves is mostly rubber or polymer, which has good sealing performance and is suitable for water treatment systems under low pressure and normal temperature conditions, such as domestic water supply systems.

Hard seal: The sealing surface material of hard seal valve is metal, which is suitable for water treatment systems with high temperature, high pressure or containing corrosive media. Hard-sealed valves are more durable, but their sealing performance is not as good as soft seals.

3. Select the valve type according to the usage situation

When selecting a valve, consider its specific application:

Gate valve: Suitable for opening and closing operations of large-diameter pipelines, but not suitable for frequent switching.

Ball valve: Suitable for places that require quick opening and closing, such as emergency systems or bypass pipes.

Butterfly valve: Suitable for large flow adjustment, but has poor sealing performance and is not suitable for fine flow adjustment.

Check valve: Used to prevent water from flowing back, often used at the outlet of pumping stations or sewage treatment systems.

Pressure reducing valve: Used to control pipeline pressure to avoid equipment damage, suitable for pressure control in water supply systems.

Common causes and countermeasures for valve leakage in water treatment systems

Valve leakage is one of the common failures in water treatment systems, which can cause system efficiency to decrease and even damage equipment. Here are common causes of valve leaks and strategies to deal with them:

1. The seal is aged or damaged

After the valve is used for a long time, the seals will age due to frequent opening and closing and water flow erosion, resulting in loose valve closing and leakage.

Coping strategy: Regularly check and replace valve seals, especially rubber gaskets and other components of soft-sealing valves.

2. Valve corrosion

When dealing with highly corrosive sewage or industrial wastewater, the material of the valve may be damaged due to the corrosiveness of the medium, resulting in leakage.

Coping strategy: Choose corrosion-resistant valve materials, such as stainless steel or copper alloy valves, and perform anti-corrosion treatment on the valves regularly.

3. Improper operation

Excessive force or incorrect operation can also cause damage or deformation of the valve, causing leakage.

Countermeasures: Follow correct operating procedures, avoid overloading the valve, and conduct regular training for operators.

How to effectively deal with the noise problem of water treatment valves?

In water treatment systems, valve noise is often caused by excessive water flow or excessive pressure changes. Common noise problems include "water hammer" and vibrational noise caused by water flowing through the valve.

1. Reduce water flow speed

Too fast water flow can cause the valve to vibrate, causing noise problems. Especially when opening or closing the valve, the sudden acceleration or deceleration of the water flow can easily cause noise.

Solution: Reduce the rapid changes in water flow and prevent noise by adjusting the opening and closing speed of the valve.

2. Install shock absorbing device

Vibration is one of the main causes of noise, especially in high-pressure pipelines. Installing shock absorbers can effectively reduce noise caused by water flow vibrations.

Solution: Install an elastic shock absorber near the valve to reduce vibration and noise.

3. Use a pressure reducing valve to adjust water pressure

When the water flow pressure is too high, a "water hammer" effect may occur when the valve is closed or opened, causing noise and pipe vibration.

Solution: Install a pressure reducing valve to ensure stable water pressure in the system and avoid noise caused by drastic changes in water pressure.

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